Voltage and Current Sources

• Independent voltage source is independent of Current going through the source, and any other current or voltage in the circuit
• Independent current source is independent of Voltage going through the source, and any other current or voltage in the circuit
• Controlled voltage and current sources depends on V or I somewhere else in the circuit
  • Voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS): $V=k{V}_x$ (dimensionless)
  • Voltage controlled current source (VCCS): $I=g{V}_x$ (in $\frac{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{V}}$)
  • Current controlled voltage source (CCVS): $V=r{i}_x$ (in $\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{A}}$)
  • Current controlled current source (CCCS): $I=k{i}_x$ (dimensionless)
• A 0V source is like a wire
• A 0A source is like no connection
• In practice, ideal sources do not exist, and have a small resistance, and look like a Thévenin-Norton Equivalent Circuits

Floating Source

• Floating sources do not have any nodes connected to the reference

DC

• Current is constant with time
• Voltage too

AC

• Current varies with time
• Voltage too
• $V(t)=\sin \omega t$